एक नया उपचार जो जोखिम वाले रोगियों में एसोफैगल कैंसर को "रोकता है" एक बड़े नैदानिक परीक्षण में बताया गया है।
Oesophageal कैंसर is the eight most common कैंसर worldwide and one of the most dangerous. This type of कैंसर starts in the oesophagus – a soft muscular tube which connects mouth to the stomach and everything which is consumed by a person reaches the stomach through the oesophagus. When कैंसर develops in the oesophagus (commonly called food pipe) there is uncontrollable growth of cells lining the tube making them cancerous and causing havoc to the basic mechanism of ingesting food. Unfortunately, majority of symptoms associated with this type of cancer start occurring when the कैंसर is at an advanced stage i.e. when कैंसर का cells have blocked the oesophagus completely and cancer has spread to other parts of the body. This scenario makes treating oesophagael कैंसर very challenging. The early stages of this cancer are completely undetectable unless screened.
ऑसोफेगल कैंसर के कारण
शराब और तंबाकू का अति प्रयोग अन्नप्रणाली का प्रमुख कारण है कैंसर. Other important risk factors are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s oesophagus and obesity. In GERD, acid from the stomach moves up into the oesophagus causing a persistent heartburn. In another condition called ‘Barrett’s oesophagus’ occurring in 10 to 15 percent patients of GERD, the normal cell lining of oesophagus gets damaged after it gets replaced by ‘abnormal cells’ (called Barrett’s cells) mainly due to chronic acid reflux. These abnormal cells look exactly like the cells which line the stomach and small intestine but they are more resistant to stomach acid. The symptom for Barrett’s oesophagus is heartburn though in many cases no symptoms exist. As some time progresses, Barrett’s cells first become precancerous by a process called dysplasia and then later may become कैंसर का since high-grade dysplasia is linked to maximum risk of cancer. An early screening for precancerous changes can go a long way in controlling oesophageal कैंसर. Though not all patients with this condition get कैंसर but they are in the highest risk category. Maintaining a healthy diet and stable body weight can also reduce the risk for this cancer.
New study on preventing Oesophageal कैंसर
में प्रकाशित एक अध्ययन में नुकीला spearheaded by Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), the results of the largest कैंसर prevention clinical trial conducted over a period of 20 years has been reported. Researchers have discovered a new treatment which “significantly prevents” oesophageal कैंसर in at-risk patients. This study has been described as a major breakthrough in the field of कैंसर therapeutics in recent times. Around 2550 patients who were suffering from the abnormality ‘Barrett’s oesophagus’ were followed up over a duration of nine years and their health conditions were recorded. These patients owing to their condition had acid refluxes and thus were more susceptible to कैंसर as well as to non-कैंसर conditions like pneumonia. The main goal of the study was to find how this abnormality could be prevented from turning into कैंसर. The patients were randomly given one of the four different combination of medicines. These medicines were acid-suppressions (which suppress the stomach acids in general) and aspirin. So, either a low acid-suppression, a high acid-suppression, a low acid-suppression with 300 mg of aspirin or a high acid-suppression with 300 mg of aspirin was given to four sets of randomly selected patients. A precise combination of acid-suppression medicines along with aspirin can effectively prevent oesophageal कैंसर in patients suffering from Barrett’s oesophagus. Combination of high dose acid-suppression medicine alone prevented कैंसर, premature death and to some extent the progress rate of precancerous cells. Aspirin also showed some effect, and interestingly high dose acid suppression and aspirin together worked more in favour when compared to each of these taken alone.
This is a hallmark clinical trial which has displayed high standards of efficacy and safety. The results of this trial are significant. Less than 1 percent of patients suffered any serious adverse effects from these medications which is extraordinary. This is a new approach towards preventing कैंसर of the food pipe and this could be a gamechanger for the field of oesophageal कैंसर.
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{आप उद्धृत स्रोतों की सूची में नीचे दिए गए डीओआई लिंक पर क्लिक करके मूल शोध पत्र पढ़ सकते हैं}
स्रोत (रों)
Jankowski JAZ et al 2018. बैरेट के अन्नप्रणाली (पहलू) में एसोमप्राज़ोल और एस्पिरिन: एक यादृच्छिक तथ्यात्मक परीक्षण। नुकीला। 392 (10145)। https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31388-6
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